Sindbad~EG File Manager

"""Functions for fetching basic info on user accounts"""

from pathlib import Path
import pwd
import grp
import re
import os
import tarfile
from typing import Literal, Optional, Union, overload
import yaml
from ._yaml import DumbYamlLoader
from . import SYS_USERS, STAFF_GROUPS, OUR_RESELLERS


class CpuserError(Exception):
    """Raised when there's something wrong collecting cPanel user info"""

    __module__ = 'rads'


def get_login() -> str:
    """Obtain which user ran this script

    Returns:
        username
    """
    try:
        blame = os.getlogin()
    except OSError:
        blame = pwd.getpwuid(os.geteuid()).pw_name
    return blame


get_login.__module__ = 'rads'


def is_cpuser(user: str) -> bool:
    """Checks if a user is a valid cPanel user.

    Warning:
        This only checks if the user exists and will also be true for restricted
        cPanel users. Use ``cpuser_safe`` instead if you need to check for those
    Args:
        user: cPanel username to check
    Returns:
        Whether the cPanel user exists
    """
    try:
        homedir = pwd.getpwnam(user).pw_dir
    except KeyError:
        return False
    return all(
        (
            os.path.isdir(homedir),
            os.path.isfile(os.path.join('/var/cpanel/users', user)),
            os.path.isdir(os.path.join('/var/cpanel/userdata', user)),
        )
    )


is_cpuser.__module__ = 'rads'


@overload
def all_cpusers(owners: Literal[False] = False) -> list[str]: ...


@overload
def all_cpusers(owners: Literal[True] = True) -> dict[str, str]: ...


def all_cpusers(owners: bool = False) -> Union[dict[str, str], list[str]]:
    """Returns cPanel users from /etc/trueuserowners

    Args:
        owners: whether to return users as a dict with owners as the values
    Raises:
        CpuserError: if /etc/trueuserowners is invalid
    Returns:
        either a list of all users, or a dict of users (keys) to owners (vals)
    """
    with open('/etc/trueuserowners', encoding='utf-8') as userowners:
        userdict = yaml.load(userowners, DumbYamlLoader)
    if not isinstance(userdict, dict):
        raise CpuserError('/etc/trueuserowners is invalid')
    if owners:
        return userdict
    return list(userdict.keys())


all_cpusers.__module__ = 'rads'


def main_cpusers() -> list:
    """Get a all non-child, non-system, "main" cPanel users

    Raises:
        CpuserError: if /etc/trueuserowners is invalid"""
    return [
        user
        for user, owner in all_cpusers(owners=True).items()
        if owner in OUR_RESELLERS or owner == user
    ]


main_cpusers.__module__ = 'rads'


def get_owner(user: str) -> str:
    """Get a user's owner (even if the account has reseller ownership of itself)

    Warning:
        the owner may be root, which is not a cPanel user
    Hint:
        If looking this up for multiple users,
        use ``get_cpusers(owners=True)`` instead
    Args:
        user: cPanel username to find the owner for
    Raises:
        CpuserError: if /etc/trueuserowners is invalid or the
            requested user is not defined in there
    """
    try:
        return all_cpusers(owners=True)[user]
    except KeyError as exc:
        raise CpuserError(f'{user} is not in /etc/trueuserowners') from exc


get_owner.__module__ = 'rads'


def is_child(user: str) -> bool:
    """Check if a cPanel user is not self-owned and not owned by a system user

    Args:
        user: cPanel username to check
    Raises:
        CpuserError: if /etc/trueuserowners is invalid or the
            requested user is not defined in there
    """
    owner = get_owner(user)
    return owner not in OUR_RESELLERS and owner != user


is_child.__module__ = 'rads'


def get_children(owner: str) -> list[str]:
    """Get a list of child accounts for a reseller

    Args:
        owner: cPanel username to lookup
    Returns:
        all child accounts of a reseller, excluding itself
    Raises:
        CpuserError: if /etc/trueuserowners is invalid
    """
    return [
        usr
        for usr, own in all_cpusers(owners=True).items()
        if own == owner and usr != own
    ]


get_children.__module__ = 'rads'


def cpuser_safe(user: str) -> bool:
    """Checks whether the user is safe for support to operate on

    - The user exists and is a valid cPanel user
    - The user is not a reserved account
    - The user is not in a staff group

    Args:
        user: cPanel username to check
    """
    # SYS_USERS includes SECURE_USER
    if user in SYS_USERS or user in OUR_RESELLERS or not is_cpuser(user):
        return False
    for group in [x.gr_name for x in grp.getgrall() if user in x.gr_mem]:
        if group in STAFF_GROUPS:
            return False
    return True


cpuser_safe.__module__ = 'rads'


def cpuser_suspended(user: str) -> bool:
    """Check if a user is currently suspended

    Warning:
        This does not check for pending suspensions
    Args:
        user: cPanel username to check
    """
    return os.path.exists(os.path.join('/var/cpanel/suspended', user))


cpuser_suspended.__module__ = 'rads'


def get_homedir(user: str):
    """Get home directory path for a cPanel user

    Args:
        user: cPanel username to check
    Raises:
        CpuserError: if the user does not exist or the home directory path found
            does not match the expected pattern
    """
    try:
        homedir = pwd.getpwnam(user).pw_dir
    except KeyError as exc:
        raise CpuserError(f'{user}: no such user') from exc
    if re.match(r'/home[0-9]*/\w+', homedir) is None:
        # Even though we fetched the homedir successfully from /etc/passwd,
        # treat this as an error due to unexpected output. If the result was
        # '/' for example, some calling programs might misbehave or even
        # rm -rf / depending on what it's being used for
        raise CpuserError(f'{user!r} does not match expected pattern')
    return homedir


get_homedir.__module__ = 'rads'


def get_primary_domain(user: str) -> str:
    """Get primary domain from cpanel userdata

    Args:
        user: cPanel username to check
    Raises:
        CpuserError: if cpanel userdata cannot be read or main_domain is missing
    """
    userdata_path = os.path.join('/var/cpanel/userdata', user, 'main')
    try:
        with open(userdata_path, encoding='utf-8') as userdata_filehandle:
            return yaml.safe_load(userdata_filehandle)['main_domain']
    except (yaml.YAMLError, KeyError, OSError) as exc:
        raise CpuserError(exc) from exc


get_primary_domain.__module__ = 'rads'


def whoowns(domain: str) -> str:
    """
    Get the cPanel username that owns a domain

    Args:
        domain: Domain name to look up
    Returns:
        The name of a cPanel user that owns the domain name, or None on failure
    """
    try:
        with open('/etc/userdomains', encoding='utf-8') as file:
            match = next(x for x in file if x.startswith(f'{domain}: '))
            return match.rstrip().split(': ')[1]
    except (OSError, FileNotFoundError, StopIteration):
        return None


whoowns.__module__ = 'rads'

def get_plan(user: str) -> Optional[str]:
    """
    Retrieves the hosting plan name for a given cPanel user.

    This function reads the user's configuration file from /var/cpanel/users
    and extracts the value assigned to the PLAN variable, if present.

    Parameters:
        user (str): The cPanel username.

    Returns:
        Optional[str]: The plan name if found, otherwise None.
    """
    path = Path(f"/var/cpanel/users/{user}")
    if not path.exists():
        return None

    for line in path.read_text(encoding="utf-8").splitlines():
        if line.startswith("PLAN="):
            return line.split("=", 1)[1].strip()
    return None

get_plan.__module__ = 'rads'

class UserData:
    """Object representing the data parsed from userdata

    Args:
        user: cPanel username to read cPanel userdata for. Required if pkgacct
            is not set.
        data_dir: override this to read /var/cpanel/userdata from some other
            directory, such as from a restored backup. Ignored if pkgacct is set
        all_subs: if True, list all subdomains, even those which have were
            created so an addon domain can be parked on them
        pkgacct: Don't set this manually. See UserData.from_pkgacct instead.
        tar: Don't set this manually. See UserData.from_pkgacct instead.
    Raises:
        CpuserError: if cPanel userdata is invalid
    Attributes:
        user (str): username
        primary (UserDomain): UserDomain object for the main domain
        addons (list): UserDomain objects for addon domains
        parked (list): UserDomain objects for parked domains
        subs (list): UserDomain objects for subdomains
    Hint:
        Use vars() to view this ``UserData`` object as a dict
    """

    user: str
    primary: 'UserDomain'
    addons: list['UserDomain']
    parked: list['UserDomain']
    subs: list['UserDomain']

    __module__ = 'rads'

    def __init__(
        self,
        user: Union[str, None] = None,
        data_dir: str = '/var/cpanel/userdata',
        all_subs: bool = False,
        pkgacct: Union[str, None] = None,
        tar: Union[tarfile.TarFile, None] = None,
    ):
        """Initializes a UserData object given a cPanel username"""
        self.pkgacct = pkgacct
        if user is None and pkgacct is None:
            raise TypeError("either user or pkgacct must be set")
        if user is not None and pkgacct is not None:
            raise TypeError("user cannot be set if pkgacct is set")
        if pkgacct is not None and tar is None:
            raise TypeError(
                "tar must be set if pkgacct is set; "
                "use the UserData.from_pkgacct alias instead"
            )
        if pkgacct:
            filename = Path(pkgacct).name
            file_re = re.compile(r'(?:cpmove|pkgacct)-(.*).tar.gz$')
            if match := file_re.match(filename):
                self.user = match.group(1)
            else:
                raise CpuserError(
                    f"{filename} does not follow the expected cpmove/pkgacct "
                    "filename pattern."
                )
        else:
            self.user = user
        main_data = self._read_userdata(
            user=self.user,
            data_dir=data_dir,
            pkgacct=pkgacct,
            domfile='main',
            required={
                'main_domain': str,
                'addon_domains': dict,
                'parked_domains': list,
                'sub_domains': list,
            },
            tar=tar,
        )
        dom_data = self._read_userdata(
            user=self.user,
            domfile=main_data['main_domain'],
            required={'documentroot': str},
            data_dir=data_dir,
            pkgacct=pkgacct,
            tar=tar,
        )
        # populate primary domain
        self.primary = UserDomain(
            domain=main_data['main_domain'],
            has_ssl=dom_data['has_ssl'],
            docroot=dom_data['documentroot'],
        )
        # populate addon domains
        self.addons = []
        addon_subs = set()
        for addon, addon_file in main_data['addon_domains'].items():
            addon_subs.add(addon_file)
            addon_data = self._read_userdata(
                user=self.user,
                domfile=addon_file,
                required={'documentroot': str},
                data_dir=data_dir,
                pkgacct=pkgacct,
                tar=tar,
            )
            self.addons.append(
                UserDomain(
                    subdom=addon_file,
                    domain=addon,
                    has_ssl=addon_data['has_ssl'],
                    docroot=addon_data['documentroot'],
                )
            )
        # populate parked domains
        self.parked = []
        for parked in main_data['parked_domains']:
            self.parked.append(
                UserDomain(
                    domain=parked, has_ssl=False, docroot=self.primary.docroot
                )
            )
        # populate subdomains
        self.subs = []
        for sub in main_data['sub_domains']:
            if all_subs or sub not in addon_subs:
                sub_data = self._read_userdata(
                    user=self.user,
                    domfile=sub,
                    required={'documentroot': str},
                    data_dir=data_dir,
                    pkgacct=pkgacct,
                    tar=tar,
                )
                self.subs.append(
                    UserDomain(
                        domain=sub,
                        has_ssl=sub_data['has_ssl'],
                        docroot=sub_data['documentroot'],
                    )
                )

    @staticmethod
    def from_pkgacct(path: str) -> 'UserData':
        """Alternate constructor to read userdata from a pkgacct/cpmove file"""
        try:
            with tarfile.open(path, 'r:gz') as tar:
                return UserData(pkgacct=path, tar=tar)
        except FileNotFoundError as exc:
            raise CpuserError(exc) from exc

    @classmethod
    def _read_userdata(
        cls,
        user: str,
        data_dir: str,
        pkgacct: Union[dict, None],
        domfile: str,
        required: dict,
        tar: Union[tarfile.TarFile, None],
    ):
        if pkgacct:
            return cls._read_from_pkgacct(pkgacct, domfile, required, tar)
        return cls._read_userdata_file(user, domfile, required, data_dir)

    @staticmethod
    def _tar_extract(tar: tarfile.TarFile, path: str):
        # docs say non-file members return None and missing files raise KeyError
        # This makes it return None in both error cases
        try:
            return tar.extractfile(path)
        except KeyError:
            return None

    @classmethod
    def _read_from_pkgacct(
        cls, tar_path: str, domfile: str, required: dict, tar: tarfile.TarFile
    ) -> dict:
        prefix = Path(tar_path).name[:-7]
        path = f"{prefix}/userdata/{domfile}"
        contents = cls._tar_extract(tar, path).read()
        has_ssl = cls._tar_extract(tar, f"{path}_SSL") is not None
        if not contents:
            raise CpuserError(
                f"{path} was not a file in the contents of {tar_path}"
            )
        try:
            data = yaml.load(str(contents, 'utf-8'), Loader=yaml.SafeLoader)
            if not isinstance(data, dict):
                raise ValueError
        except ValueError as exc:
            raise CpuserError(
                f'{path} inside {tar_path} could not be parsed'
            ) from exc
        for key, req_type in required.items():
            if key not in data:
                raise CpuserError(f'{path} is missing {key!r}')
            if not isinstance(data[key], req_type):
                raise CpuserError(f'{path} contains invalid data for {key!r}')
        data['has_ssl'] = has_ssl
        return data

    def __repr__(self):
        if self.pkgacct:
            return f'UserData(pkgacct={self.pkgacct!r})'
        return f'UserData({self.user!r})'

    @property
    def __dict__(self):
        return {
            'user': self.user,
            'primary': vars(self.primary),
            'addons': [vars(x) for x in self.addons],
            'parked': [vars(x) for x in self.parked],
            'subs': [vars(x) for x in self.subs],
        }

    @property
    def all_roots(self) -> list[str]:
        """All site document roots (list)"""
        all_dirs = {self.primary.docroot}
        all_dirs.update([x.docroot for x in self.subs])
        all_dirs.update([x.docroot for x in self.addons])
        return list(all_dirs)

    @property
    def merged_roots(self) -> list[str]:
        """Merged, top-level document roots for a user (list)"""
        merged = []
        for test_path in sorted(self.all_roots):
            head, tail = os.path.split(test_path)
            while head and tail:
                if head in merged:
                    break
                head, tail = os.path.split(head)
            else:
                if test_path not in merged:
                    merged.append(test_path)
        return merged

    @staticmethod
    def _read_userdata_file(
        user: str, domfile: str, required: dict, data_dir: str
    ) -> dict:
        """Internal helper function for UserData to strictly parse YAML files"""
        path = os.path.join(data_dir, user, domfile)
        try:
            with open(path, encoding='utf-8') as handle:
                data = yaml.load(handle, Loader=yaml.SafeLoader)
            if not isinstance(data, dict):
                raise ValueError
        except OSError as exc:
            raise CpuserError(f'{path} could not be opened') from exc
        except ValueError as exc:
            raise CpuserError(f'{path} could not be parsed') from exc
        for key, req_type in required.items():
            if key not in data:
                raise CpuserError(f'{path} is missing {key!r}')
            if not isinstance(data[key], req_type):
                raise CpuserError(f'{path} contains invalid data for {key!r}')
        data['has_ssl'] = os.path.isfile(f'{path}_SSL')
        return data


class UserDomain:
    """Object representing a cPanel domain in ``rads.UserData()``

    Attributes:
        domain (str): domain name
        has_ssl (bool): True/False if the domain has ssl
        docroot (str): document root on the disk
        subdom (str|None): if this is an addon domain, this is the subdomain
            it's parked on which is also its config's filename
    Hint:
        vars() can be run on this object to convert it into a dict
    """

    __module__ = 'rads'

    def __init__(
        self,
        domain: str,
        has_ssl: bool,
        docroot: str,
        subdom: Union[str, None] = None,
    ):
        self.domain = domain
        self.has_ssl = has_ssl
        self.docroot = docroot
        self.subdom = subdom

    def __repr__(self):
        if self.subdom:
            return (
                f"UserDomain(domain={self.domain!r}, has_ssl={self.has_ssl!r}, "
                f"docroot={self.docroot!r}, subdom={self.subdom!r})"
            )
        return (
            f"UserDomain(domain={self.domain!r}, has_ssl={self.has_ssl!r}, "
            f"docroot={self.docroot!r})"
        )

    @property
    def __dict__(self):
        myvars = {}
        for attr in ('domain', 'has_ssl', 'docroot'):
            myvars[attr] = getattr(self, attr)
        if self.subdom is not None:
            myvars['subdom'] = self.subdom
        return myvars